Development of Education in Kenya - 5449 Words

1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 Definition of terms 3 1.2 Background information 4 1.2.1 Pre-colonial education 4 1.2.2 Post colonial education in Kenya (Neocolonialism) 4 1.3 National Aims/Goals of Education in Kenya 6 1.4 Structure of education 6 1.4.1 Early Childhood Development and Education 7 1.4.2 Primary education 8 1.4.3 Secondary education 9 1.4.4 Teacher Education 9 1.4.5 Tertiary Education 10 1.4.6 University education 11 1.5 Administration system 11 1.5.1 Permanent secretary 11 1.5.2 Finance and administration Division 12 1.5.3 Directorate of Education 12 1.5.4 Field Service Education Officers 13 2.0 CHALLENGES FACING THE FORMAL EDUCATION IN KENYA 14 2.1 Recommendations to the†¦show more content†¦During that time education in Africa, Kenyan included was stratified on racial lines in matters of system structure, curricula and resources. For example, the Europeans system had an upper hand resource, its curriculum was based on British traditions, Arabs and Asians system came second. Africans prepared youths to work on Europeans farms. 1.2.2 Post colonial education in Kenya (Neocolonialism) Sifuna and Otiende (1992) noted that racial segregation was abolished in 1960 as the country moved closer to independence. With the attainment of independence on 12th December, 1963;- a ministry of education was created. The school system in Kenya was brought under a localized standard curriculum and public examinations. Since independence, the Government has addressed challenges facing the education sector through Commissions, Committees and Taskforces. The first Commission, after independence, came up with the Report of the Kenya Education Commission (The Ominde Report, 1964) that sought to reform the education system inherited from the colonial government to make it more responsive to the needs of independent Kenya. The Commission proposed an education system that would foster national unity and the creation of sufficient human capital for national development. Sessional Paper No: 10 of 1965 on African Socialism and its Application to Planning in Kenya formally adopted the OmindeShow MoreRelatedKeny Economic Engine And Key Driver Of Strength1136 Words   |  5 Pages Kenya is one of the top economic engine and key driver of strength in Eastern Africa. Its strong private division and business services contribute greatly to the growth in the region. Kenya is home to some of the most fascinating natural wonders and people in the world. Kenya is reflected as a wealthy and culturally diversed country. Although Kenya’s economic climate is progressively improvising, their education and the increase in population growth has cause major problems for Kenyans whichRead MoreA Brief Note On Kenya s School System949 Words   |  4 Pages Kenya’s school systems were in amazed because the government didn’t expand or add on any classrooms to any school. The government only passed the law making education free but didn’t consider how many children will now enroll in schools. There was a shortage on teachers and there were no desks or chairs for all the new enrolled students. Basically all what the extra students could do was sit on the floor or stand in the back of classroom and listen. Some classes still had over the limit of studentsRead MoreFinancing of University Education in Kenya1703 Words   |  7 PagesQN) With close reference to university education in Kenya, discuss the various means of financing education and evaluate the equity implications. To answer this claim, we start by defining critical terms so as to clearly get the full meaning of this assertion. Education is the process act or process of impacting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgement, and generally of preparing oneself or othersRead MoreA Brief Note On The Republic Of Kenya1283 Words   |  6 PagesLauren Knight Republic of Kenya UNDP PART 1: COUNTRY PROFILE- I. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY a. Republic of Kenya b. Republic government led by Mwai Kibaki, and the Kenyan African National Union is the only standing political group at this given time. c. Nairobi d. Interpol, World Health Organization, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization are Kenya’s main international organization affiliations e. 44,037,656 people II. CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY f. Swahili and English are the officialRead MoreHistory And Development Of Nursing Education1679 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical History and Development of Nursing Education: Comparison of Ireland and Kenya In Kenya, nursing has been around for ages. In the past there was no medical treatment, as we know it, focusing on bacteria or other known microorganisms. Instead, illness was thought to be triggered by the evil eye, evil tongue, the spirits of angry ancestors and witchcraft (Mule, 1986). Witchdoctors, herbalists, the deviner, or elders who prescribed treatments, which were herbs, roots, and/or cleansing ritualsRead MoreThe Between Chile And Jamaica Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesKenya, Chile and Jamaica are three counties represent Africa, Latin America, and Caribbean.Africa, Latin America, and Caribbean have a lot of similarity.They shared history that dates back to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, these regions are also part of the Global South and most countries of them are colonies of Europe.Therefore, their cultures are mixtures of European and indigenous cultures and their regions and office languages are very similar.Along with development of the times and progressRead More1 .6 Justification Of The Study. The Exclusion Of Pwds By1223 Words   |  5 Pagesusing scientific information on existing designs, how they are experienced by PWDs and therefore how they can be improved. Children with disability in Kenya are often consigned to â€Å"special schools† which, though well intended to provide responsive learning environments, actually perpetuate segregation from other children. The inclusive education movement proposes that all schools should be equipped to accommodate PWDs. This study is therefore informed by the conviction that it is possible to designRead MoreQuestion: Define Economic Growth and Development and Explain the Characteristics of Each Giving Examples in Kenyas Case.956 Words   |  4 Pageslabour earnings. Economic development is defined as sustainable increase in living standards. It entails increased per capita income, better education and health as well as environmental protection. Characteristics of economic growth 1. Education: A country with an educated populace generally records higher levels of GDP growth due to fact that educated people are more productive and can innovate on existing technology. Kenya currently has a free primary education program with this goal in mindRead MoreChallenges of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya1728 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises is updated to take account of economic developments. The definition of enterprises according to staff headcount and turnover or balance-sheet total is essential for identifying businesses able to benefit from European Union (EU) programs or policies specifically designed for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) Challenges Facing SMEs in Kenya It is generally recognized that SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) face unique challenges,Read MoreWell-Distributed Food Aid to Kenya to Create Self-Relience Essay1031 Words   |  5 Pagesnatural for example drought. In conducting this research, evidence will show some current solutions of providing food aid in Kenya as well as understanding what the future potential developments are. Research topic: Food aid in Kenya: a problem or solution? Research question: Is food aid a sustainable strategy to solving the food crisis in Kenya? Thesis: Providing food aid to Kenya is good as long as it is well distributed. However this country also requires financial aid with which it will /can assist

Freuds Psychosexual Stages Of Development - 1486 Words

When compared to Freud’s psychosexual stages of development, one can see that Erikson’s theory has many similarities. As a one of Freud’s students, Erik Erikson was not convinced by Freud’s psychosexual stage of development, which lead to the development of his theory of psychosocial stages of development (Arnett, 2015). Within Erikson’s theory there are eight different stages with different life crisis to be resolved. Not resolving the conflicts would lead to an unhealthy personality, which causes many pro and cons within Erikson’s theory (Engler, 2013). Stages of Psychosocial Development In Erikson’s theory there are eight stages that ranges from one’s birth to their death. The stages develop on top of each other in what Erikson†¦show more content†¦Within each stage an individual will also be given the opportunity to strengthen their ego. Pros and Cons of the Stages of Psychosocial Development Although Erikson’s theory seem to be more acceptable than Freud’s, there are many pros and cons within it. Many researchers believed that human development was life long and agreed with Erikson’s importance of the social and cultural foundation behind it (Arnett, 2015). Even with the support, not all of Erikson’s stages were seen as valuable. The only valuable ideas that researchers took an interest in where Erikson’s notion of identity during adolescence and generativity during midlife (Arnett, 2015). Even though Erikson believed that an individual’s identity was discovered by the end of adolescence, he advised that identity will continue to grow throughout adulthood. With that being said, Erikson lacked in providing information of that growth (Sokol, 2009). Erikson’s theory was also unclear of the causes of the psychosocial stages of development and how the resolution of one stage influenced an individual’s personality. He did however stress that his theory was merely an instrument that provided an outline that development growth could be measured by (McLeod, 2013). Personal Relation to Erikson’s Theory Erikson’s theory was meant to be versatile to everyone. Starting his theory from birth to death allows an individual to be able to relate to any of the stages. I for one found this theory to be very intriguingShow MoreRelatedFreud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development in Relation to Gender Development915 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe Freud’s psychosexual stages of development in relation to gender development â€Å"Few of the findings of psychoanalysis have met with such universal contradiction or have aroused such an outburst of indignation as the assertion that the sexual function starts at the beginning of life and reveals its presence by important signs even in childhood. And yet no other findings of analysis can be demonstrated so easily and so completely† – Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud believed that all childrenRead MoreA Metaphor from Freud’s Psychosexual Stages682 Words   |  3 Pagesusing Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages as a metaphor for a counselor’s development with their clients. The five psychosexual stages are first outlined from the generic standpoint of Freud’s theories. The article then continues to directly compare each stage with the counseling process and exactly how the two processes are similar. Alongside the comparison, the rest of the article outlines how a counselor should interact with their client. An overview of the psychosexual stages is criticalRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Development1000 Words   |  4 Pagesexplained what Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual theory of development is and why it is important for the developing child to overcome said conflicts. I also talked about the different effects of not overcoming the conflicts Freud had determined that would lead to adult behaviors. Over the years, Sigmund Freud has created many theories involving many different ideas in the psychological world. One theory that stood out to me throughout our journey in introduction to psychology is Freud’s developmental theoryRead MorePsychosexual Stages And Societal Structure1490 Words   |  6 PagesPsychosexual Stages and Societal Structure Nathanael D. Evans Montana State University - Billings Abstract This paper assumes that Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages in childhood development is accurate. Given the information we have on Freud’s idea of fixations, and their causes, I will explore how societal structure would need to shift towards an acute focus on childhood in order to eliminate as much abnormality as possible from the adulthood of all individuals that make up a societyRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory1652 Words   |  7 PagesSigmund Freud s psychosexual theory are two well-known theories of personality development with various similarities and differences. While Erikson was influenced by Freud s ideas, his theory differed in a number of important ways and was ultimately created to be an improvement to Freud’s personality development theory (Friedman Schustack, 2012). Like Freud’s psychosexual theory, Erikson agreed that personality progresses in a sequence of predetermined phases. However, unlike Freud’s theory of psychosexualRead MoreShedding Light On Freud s Controversial Psychoanalytic Theory1525 Words   |  7 Pages Shedding Light on Freud’s Controversial Psychoanalytic Theory Krystle D. Kraft St. Johns River State College: Human Growth and Development Shedding Light on Freud’s Controversial Psychoanalytic Theory Psychoanalytic theories suggest that developmental changes happen due to the power of internal drives and emotions. Sigmund Freud, a Viennese physician, is said to be the founding father of this theory. He believed biological impulses, such as a need for food and sex, were the drivingRead MoreSigmund Freuds Theory Of Phychoanalysis821 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause of different ideas. Freud’s theories were and still are some of the most influential academic concepts. Freud believed that a humans most basic drive is the sex drive. Sigmund Freud developed the theory known as the Psychosexual stages that is divided into five stages in child and adolescent development. He also came up with the idea that someone can get stuck or fixated in one of the first three psychosexual stages. A person could get fixated in one of the stages because the needs are notRead More`` Rationalizing Malibu `` By Mario Garcia1615 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper, the actions of Garcia’s narrator are interpreted in terms of Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual development and the theory of repression. It is believed that the psychosexual development and theory of repression is unconsciously employed by the narrator as a way to prevent himself from dealing with past traumatic events, which led to the creation of Blaine. By using Freud’s psychosexual development and theory of repression, it is concluded that both theories are useful tools forRead Mo reSigmund Freud And The Psychosexual Stages Of Development1564 Words   |  7 Pageshe published three more books. Freud’s work was not well recognized because of his emphasis on sex. In 1908, after the first International Psychoanalytical Congress, Freud’s work began to gain popularity and his psychoanalytic theory became well respected. He went on to publish more than twenty theoretical volumes and clinical studies. He continued to develop his ideas until he died of cancer in 1939. One of Freud’s theories was the psychosexual stages of development. It is important to recognizeRead MoreFreud : The Unconscious, Dreams And The Psychosexual Stages1613 Words   |  7 Pageswas later influenced by Breuer who encouraged patients to talk about their problems whilst a doctor listened (Maltby, Day Macaskill, 2013). However, whether Freud’s key concepts are valuable for contemporary psychology will be explored in this essay. The concepts that will be explored are the unconscious, dreams and the psychosexual stages. The unconscious is an area in the mind which is physically inaccessible but affects our conscious behaviour. Freud developed the iceberg model to represent

Analysis Of Ohio Bath Solutions, Llc Essay - 1438 Words

as â€Å"the act of making distinctions that harm people and that are based on those people’s membership in a protected class† (p. 81). Acts of illegal discrimination can include excluding candidates from employment or promotion decisions, or paying them less based on their membership in a protected class. Organizations that are found guilty of discrimination can be sued by the victim or the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), or both. However, there are ways that an organization can mitigate or prevent discrimination in the workplace. Creating policies and training programs are great ways to educate employees about the consequences of discrimination. For example, Ohio Bath Solutions, LLC created a Diversity Policy to communicate its stance on diversity and discrimination in the workplace. The company is an equal opportunity employer and values diversity. The policy is designed to support the company’s ethical culture. The following figure is a copy of the company’s Diversity Policy. Figure 1.1 Equality and Diversity Policy Ohio Bath Solutions, LLC Ohio Bath Solutions, LLC is an equal opportunity employer. We do not discriminate on the basis of sex, race, ethnic origin, religious belief, gender identification, sexual orientation, or disability. Eliminating discrimination from the workplace is a fundamental part of our company’s culture. Our company understands that increasing diversity fosters innovation and creativity. It is our mission to attractShow MoreRelatedStaffing Of An Hr Department At Ohio Bath Solutions Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagesobjectives. This paper will examine the staffing of an HR department at Ohio Bath Solutions, LLC. First, the paper will analyze three HR functions: recruitment, compensation and benefits, and training and development. The paper will assess the impact of each function in adding value to the company’s HR department. Next, the paper will develop a job description for a compensation and benefits specialist position at Ohio Bath Solutions. Third, the paper will identify the best recruitment method and selectionRead MoreThis Paper Addresses The Current State Of Firstenergy Corp.,1524 Words   |  7 Pagesother companies and expresses the importance of accurate financials. The paper then addresses some of the issues faced by FirstEnergy’s accrual accounting pro cess, and analyzes the problem using an A3 – Five Why analysis template to identify the background, current conditions, goals, analysis, proposal, plan, and follow up. Introduction FirstEnergy is a utility company that is currently facing some financial difficulties and is in the process of selling assets, leaving the competitive generationRead MoreA Study on the Effectivity of the Philippine Prison System10770 Words   |  44 Pagesit employs, and the management strategy being used. It tries to present as candidly as possible conditions inside the prison, the problems, living conditions, activities. And finally, in our modest way, we offer some recommendations and proposed solutions. II. 11ETHODOLOGY The group engaged in theoretical as well as empirical research. For the latter the 11unicipal Jail .o f Romblon, Quezon City Jail, Provincial Jail of Batangas and the New Bilibid Prison were utilized as venues as actual investigationRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesStrategic management E) Distribution management Answer: A Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Easy 3) Identify the correct statement about marketing management. A) It is primarily concerned with the systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of data about issues related to marketing products and services. B) It focuses mostly on monitoring the profitability of a companys products and services. C) It focuses solely on attaining an organizations sales goals in an efficient manner. Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesfollowing classification of cases by subject matter to be helpful. I thank those of you who made this and other suggestions. Classification of Cases by Major Marketing Topics Topics Most Relevant Cases Marketing Research and Consumer Analysis Coca-Cola, Disney, McDonald’s, Google, Starbucks Product Starbucks, Nike, Coke/Pepsi, McDonald’s, Maytag, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Newell Rubbermaid, DaimlerChrysler, Kmart/Sears, Harley-Davidson, Boeing/Airbus, Merck, Boston Beer, Firestone/FordRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesthe changes outside a business exceed the productive changes within a business, a company’s future viability is clearly under enormous stress. To maintain business growth and a sustained economy, it is essential for managers to understand and find solutions for these and other fundamental wide-ranging issues. The bursting of the high-tech bubble both in many start-up companies and in major segments of established firms dissipated many entrepreneurial efforts and the large sums of money that were spentRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pagesinsurance and pension benefits. Shortly thereafter, he was terminated from his employment. He alleged that personnel had revealed this information to his superiors, which was an invasion of privacy, and that he was then terminated for being gay.  The Ohio Court of Appeals held that he could not sue fo r wrongful termination, but he could sue for invasion of privacy.  This case reminds us that private facts are private. Revealing private information can lead to liability not only against the employer,

The Impact of Federalism on Accountability free essay sample

Leon, This is an excellent assignment, one that you should be very proud of. Starting with an impressive introduction, you outline the paper’s parameters and explicitly state its argument. Your analysis draws upon a wide range of sources and utilises them very effectively. Indeed, you have structured your paper so that the reader is never left questioning its progression. In this, your train of critical thought is evident. It is clear that you have a very strong understanding of the topic as is highlighted through your well-constructed argument. Your conclusion reiterates the main points of your paper well, and draws the all together into a satisfying conclusion. With your last paper I criticised your disjointed writing style and the lack of narrative flow. It is obvious that you have taken these comments on-board and have worked towards their successful resolution. In saying that, there is still room for improvement in this regard. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Federalism on Accountability or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While your transitions are much improved, some shifts between paragraphs feel a little messy. Being aware of this issue, as you clearly are, will help you continue to improve your writing style. Well done.

McDonalds and Hindu Culture Essay Example

McDonalds and Hindu Culture Paper For thousands of years, Indias Hindu culture has revered the cow. Some 300 million of these animals roam India, untethered, revered as sacred providers. They are everywhere everywhere, that is, except for on your plate, as Hindus do not eat the meat of the sacred cow. (International Business, Pg125) The placing of the cow on a pedestal is a value that is unique to the Indian culture. Values and norms are the central components of a culture. Values are abstract ideals about what a society believes to be good, right, and desirable. (Pg. 705) Norms are social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations. (Pg. 702) Because the value systems of different religious and ethical systems have different implications, corporations seeking to conduct business in host countries must adapt to the culture and norms of the host society. In many cases business practice of When in Rome, is not an acceptable practice. Ethical Dilemma A few of the ethical dilemmas McDonalds faced, and are still facing, deal with religion and the disregard for animal welfare in the Indian Culture. The World Health Organization has identified obesity as a global problem, citing the alarming statistic that over 300 million people are now obese. The average daily diet has also undergone tremendous change, with all nations converging on a diet high in meat, dairy products, and processed sugars. Correlating closely to a worldwide rise in affluence, the new global diet is not necessarily a beneficial trend, as it can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes. Now viewed as a global health threat, obesity has been dubbed globesity by the World Health Organization. (www.britannica.com) We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds and Hindu Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds and Hindu Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds and Hindu Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The bottommost ethical dilemma is based on different cultural practices regarding cultural balance, McDonalds was aware that they were fraudulently concealing the existence of a beef based flavoring in the oil used to cook its French fries. Thereby, it was not allowing the Indian consumer to honor its doctrine of not consuming beef products. Further, as a native to India, the globally recognized icon, Big Mac is opposite the belief that the cow is sacred. How can one support a company that was founded on the abuse of a countries religious scripture?  Evaluation of the countrys strategy involved in the Dilemma. The United States of America was at the center of the McDonalds dilemma. Not only were our countrys ethics on trial, so to be our western culture. Recently a number of lawsuits have been filed against the corporation, as some have tried to blame their obesity on the consumption of McDonalds fast food. As a fact, several non-governmental organizations, such as The World Health Organization, have targeted McDonalds for repeated criticism and protest. As globesity has become a world -wide reality, the people of the country of India can ill afford to support the likes of McDonalds, and other international eateries? Not because they are obese, for they suffer from various forms of malnutrition, which is further highlighted by its ability to provide adequate access to health care. To illustrate, the Indian government provides healthcare to its entire people. However, the number of doctors averages out to 1 per 2000 citizens. Further degenerating is the fact that the average citizen earns 12,000 Rupees per year, which is roughly the equivalent of $250 U.S. dollars. This means that while hospitals exist, the average citizen cannot afford the private heath care. (www.britannica.com) Difference if the trade association did not exist  If the trade association did not exist then the ethical dilemmas McDonalds is facing would not have been an international issue. The trade association has brought about a set of standards that should be used as a guide when doing business abroad. If the trade association did not exist there would be no guide thus allowing businesses to participate in unethical practices. The lessons Globalization advocates raised  McDonalds corporate responsibility report states,  At McDonalds, making customers happy is what our business is all about. And we know it takes a lot to make that happen. We work hard to provide every customer with a choice of meals and an experience that exceeds their expectations. But thats only part the story. When you come through our doors and look beyond the front counter, theres a company and a system dedicated to earning your trust. And whether its called good corporate citizenship or social responsibility, we take seriously our commitment to conducting our business in a way that respects the world around us and the issues that matter most to you. (www. McDonalds. Com) As a company, I believe McDonalds has not learned a valuable lesson. The corporation must learn that the benefits to address the ethical issues far outweigh the benefit of ignoring them. The corporation is concerned with the almighty dollar, and is aware that the dilemma in India had little impact on it long-term plans. To illustrate, the company expects to open another 80 restaurants in India by the year 2005. What an example of giving the people what they want! Moreover, McDonalds is aware that the Indian consumer will continue to allow their children to consume the product, for it is noted that they want their children to enjoy the American experience. (International Business, pg. 125) Since the American experience is valuable to many native Indians, we must assume that the progression is acceptable. I disagree; how can the average citizen afford McDonalds on and annual salary of $250. Imagine this; a family of four spends $10 dollars to experience the American experience. Based on an annual salary of $250, this is roughly 10 percent of the family income. Action that should be taken  The ethical dilemma may really be about McDonalds opinion on what it constitutes as a wholesome food substitute. Regardless of what the company thinks, they  must invest time and resources to ensure the people of India that their products are free of beef and its byproducts. The answers lie with the question of, whose ethics do you use in international business? The answer is your values, but you cannot force your values on the communities and cultures of other countries. Noted ethicist Thomas Donaldson points out that the respect of core human values must be the starting point and once the starting point is assured businesses must also respect the local culture. (International Business, Pg 121) Case Discussion Questions  1. What lessons does the experience of the McDonalds in India hold for other fast-food chains and retail stores?  Several non-governmental organizations, such as The World Health Organization, have targeted McDonalds for repeated criticism and protest. The protest could have been avoided by releasing maximum information regarding its food products. I am pretty sure that the Official at McDonalds knew that it product contained beef by-products. Just as they have to fully disclose this type of information in the USA, they must apply the same standard on foreign soils. If it had not been for the three Indian nationalist, living in the USA filing suit, then the mockery would have continued. 2. Is there anything that McDonalds could have done to have foreseen or better prepared itself for the negative publicity associated with the revelation that it used beef extract in its frying oil?  McDonalds should have expected the fallout to reach the people of India. Therefore, they should have initiated damage control. This includes making a formal apology, fully disclosing all facts regarding the discrepancy, and offering some form of compensation, which could include an offer of discounted food prices 3. How far should a firm such as McDonalds go in localizing its product to account for cultural differences? At some point, might it not lose an advantage?  Firms cannot take the ethnocentric approach when establishing new business on foreign soil. One of the biggest issues facing a company that goes global for the first time is the danger of not being informed. Doing business in another culture requires that the company adapt to the cultures values and norms. This said, they must go as far as to use local suppliers, employ local citizens, and transfer some of the executive power to the people of the host country. References Hill, Charles W.L. International Business. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005: http://www.britannica.com

Abstract for Literature review based on Dentists Knowledge of Ionising Radiation dental radiography. The WritePass Journal

Abstract for Literature review based on Dentists Knowledge of Ionising Radiation dental radiography. Abstract for literature review Abstract for Literature review based on Dentists Knowledge of Ionising Radiation dental radiography. ). More importantly, only a handful of studies have attempted to unveil the facts and current state of knowledge and awareness associated with detrimental effects of ionising radiation in Australian and Jordanian dentists. This study, through questionnaires and interviews, examined the dentists that are giving services in Australia and Jordan and assessed their knowledge of such effects that are linked with ionising radiations. The study was carried through intense literature review was carried out to collect the current background in the subject area and the findings of these studies were critically reviewed. Focus of the literature review was based upon the different factors, such as the complications of ionising radiation, complications in different age group people, preventive measures and the current state of knowledge in the dentists all around the globe. Praveen, et.al (2013) suggests that radiation in dentistry is mainly used for diagnostic purposes and in a dental set-up usually the practicing dentist exposes, processes and interprets the radiograph. Although the exposure to such radiation is kept as very less, it is essential to reduce the exposure to the minimum to the dental personnel and patients in order avoid the carcinogenic and organ damaging effects that can be produced by it.. Several radiation protection measures have been advocated to ameliorate these effects. Dose dependent radiation exposure was identified as a one of the key measures in limiting the use of ionising radiation. As suggested by White and Mallya (2012), wise selection of patients to treat with ionising radiation and implement patient-specific reason, which ensures greater benefits than the harms are the two easiest ways to tackle with the risks associated with ionising radiation. However, Ayatollahi et.al (2012) suggests that this practice is not adequately implemented in majority of the dental clinics. Secondly, the review identified children as most susceptible to radiation exposure. Preventive measures such as use of special radiation protection equipments and dose dependent exposure were suggested to be central in minimising the effects of ionising radiation in children in dental clinics. Moreover, it was suggested that knowledge of such risks in dentists can make a significant contribution in the improvement of safe dental practice, ensuring adequate safeguards of both patients and dentists. The literature came up with a conclusion that up to date and evidenced based knowledge is still lacking in dentist regarding the risks of radiation hazard. This will need re-educating and re-training the dentists, make them aware of ionising radiation risks, and make them able to answer any queries from patients about the risks of ionising radiations (Praveen, et.al. 2013). As part of the clinical practice, all dentists are required to undertake radiography as part of the clinical practice in which dentists and members of the dental team, must understand the basic principles of radiation physics, hazards and protection, and should be able to undertake dental radiography safely with the production of high quality, diagnostic images (Rout and Brown, 2012). Although the grey area that was identified was that, dentists are poorly informed on how to use medical imaging tools safely and efficiently. Furthermore, they are found to underestimate the radiation risk and their devastating effec ts in patients’ long term health. In addition, some of the studies revealed that despite some knowledge on the harmful effects of ionising radiation in patients, as well as in their own health, the knowledge of patient’s protection including the exposure distance and prevention of radiation leakage, protection of personnel, i.e. the occupational risk hazards of ionising radiation, dentists were reluctant to employ these safety measures in day to day practice (Rout and Brown, 2012)). Considering the context of this study, no research has evaluated Australian and Jordanian dentists’ knowledge on the risks associated with ionising radiation in the dental clinics; suggesting the importance and need to carry out this study. This puts patients of different age groups in significant risk of developing pathological conditions that are induced by the exposure to ionising radiation. Thus, designing a training module to teach dentists about radiation safety and risk is mandatory for safe dental health practice. This study provides insights into developing new strategies, policies and practices to minimise or even avoid such risks in the future. References Gray, C.F. 2010, Practice-based cone-beam computed tomography: a review,  Primary dental care : journal of the Faculty of General Dental Practitioners (UK),  vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 161-167. Lalla, R.V., Saunders, D.P. Peterson, D.E. 2014, Chemotherapy or radiation-induced oral mucositis,  Dental clinics of North America,  vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 341-349. Metsala, E., Henner, A. Ekholm, M. 2013, Quality assurance in digital dental imaging: a systematic review,  Acta Odontologica Scandinavica,  . Praveen, B.N., Shubhasini, A.R., Bhanushree, R., Sumsum, P.S. Sushma, C.N. 2013, Radiation in dental practice: awareness, protection and recommendations,  The journal of contemporary dental practice,  vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 143-148. Rout, J. Brown, J. 2012, Ionizing radiation regulations and the dental practitioner: 1. The nature of ionizing radiation and its use in dentistry,  Dental update,  vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 191-2, 195-8, 201-3. Verma, S.K., Maheshwari, S., Singh, R.K. Chaudhari, P.K. 2012, Laser in dentistry: An innovative tool in modern dental practice,  National journal of maxillofacial surgery,  vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 124-132. White, S.C. Mallya, S.M. 2012, Update on the biological effects of ionizing radiation, relative dose factors and radiation hygiene,  Australian Dental Journal,  vol. 57 Suppl 1, pp. 2-8.

Word Choice Devise vs. Device

Word Choice Devise vs. Device Word Choice: Device vs. Devise The words â€Å"device† and â€Å"devise† are both derived from the Old French word deviser, which meant â€Å"to arrange a division.† But despite their shared origin, â€Å"device† and â€Å"devise† are very different in modern English: One is a noun, the other is a verb, and neither is used to describe arranging divisions. Confused? You’re not the only one. We get plenty of requests for advice about these words, particularly from international students. And it’s important to know the difference between these terms if you want to use them in your academic writing. So we’ve prepared this quick guide to clear things up. Device (A Gadget) The primary meaning of the noun â€Å"device† is a gadget designed to perform a particular task: Fred made his millions after inventing a device for eating a taco without making a mess. In a literary context, a â€Å"device† can also be a technique used to achieve a particular effect: In Jabberwocky, Lewis Carroll uses portmanteau as an effective literary device. The word â€Å"device† is also sometimes used in the figure of speech â€Å"left to one’s own devices,† meaning to allow someone to do as they please. This is because of an old-fashioned use of the word â€Å"device† to mean â€Å"scheme.† Devise (To Plan or Plot) The verb â€Å"devise† is closer to the Old French from which it’s derived, meaning â€Å"to come up with a plan†: Realizing she wasn’t going to finish her paper on time, Terri devised a new system for tackling her schoolwork. The only context in which this differs is law, where â€Å"devise† is sometimes used as a noun describing either: a) property or land distributed in a will; or b) the act of distributing said property/land. Unless you are writing about law, however, you shouldn’t need to remember this definition. Device or Devise? Since these words are generally very different in their modern usage, it’s usually easy to remember which applies in any given situation: Device (noun) = A gadget Devise (verb) = Come up with a plan The tricky one to look out for is when â€Å"devise† is used in its legal sense, but this should be easy to spot from the context. To make absolutely sure you avoid this and similar mix-ups in your work, however, it never hurts to have a professional double-check everything. Why not try sending a 500-word sample to be proofread for free today?