Solar Energy Essay -- A Level Essays

Solar Energy ~Some history, types, and facts~ In this modern fast paced world that we live in, there are many issues that are looked over, energy is one of these. As a world, we are dependant on dwindling fossil fuel supplies and take for granted electricity, oil, and gas. There are four completely renewable sources of energy around us that should be used and developed, they are: wind, growing plants, flowing water, and the sun. These sources of energy are the ones we should be tapping, because they are reliable and renewable. Harnessing the suns energy is the most certain and ultimate energy source. Looking at a brief history and some facts about solar energy, a glimpse of the future can be seen, a future not dependant on fossil fuels. Using the sun for its heat and energy is not a new idea. It has been around for thousands of years. The first record of sun being utilized for energy and heat dates back to 400 BC. The Greeks designed their buildings and oriented their houses to utilize the sun during the winter and obscuring its hot rays during the summer. The Romans then continued on with harnessing the suns energy by developing window glass that allows the sunlight to come in, but traps solar heat. The Romans even put the sun in their legal system as to make sure that every house had so much access to the sun. The first solar water heaters came into play in the 18th century. A French-Swiss scientist in Maryland did an experiment to see how much heat window glass would actually trap. By building a box and putting different glass tops on it, he learned he could reach the boiling point inside the box. Another person developed this idea and decided to put tanks of water into them, and sure enough that w... ... on the fuel supplies and political alliances that are very uncertain. From the history of solar energy, and the present developments, having your own solar power is very attainable for everyday life. Bibliography Facts Regarding Solar Energy. http://www.solar.org.uk/ecoshop/pages/seido1.htm. 2002 Fossil Fuel Consumption. http://zebu.uoregon.edu/1999/ph161/l10.html History of Solar Energy. http://www.solarenergy.com/info_history.html. History of Solar Energy, Revisiting Solar Power’s Past. http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/earth/stories/s225110.htm. Charles Smith. 1995. How Stuff Works. http://people.howstuffworks.com/hydrogen-economy1.htm Komp, Richard J. Practical photovoltaics, electricity from solar cells. 3rd edition. aatec. 1995. Solar Energy Basics. http://www.eere.energy.gov/RE/solar.html. U.S. Department of Energy.2003.

Marvel Corporate Stucture

The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Inc. at a price of $4. 24 billion, on December 31, 2009. Since then Marvel Entertainment has been run as a limited liability company under the Walt Disney Company. Isaac Perlmutter CEO of Marvel Entertainment continued to retain his position after the Disney purchase and he now â€Å"oversee Marvel properties and will work with Disney's corporate branch to integrate Marvel's properties under the Disney umbrella. (w1) â€Å"Disney is the perfect home for Marvel's fantastic library of characters given its proven ability to expand content creation and licensing businesses,† said Perlmutter. â€Å"This is an unparalleled opportunity for Marvel to build upon its vibrant brand and character properties by accessing Disney's tremendous global organization and infrastructure around the world. â€Å"(w1) Corporate structure at marvel Entertainment is further divided base on the company’s operating divisions and subsidiarie s.The three divisions part of Marvel Entertainment are Marvel Toys, Marvel Television, and Spider-man Merchandising, L. P. Marvel Toys, the toy division of Marvel Entertainment is run by Isaac Perlmutter. Marvel Television launched in 2010 is run by Jeph Loeb. And Spider-man Merchandising, L. P is â€Å"a joint venture of Marvel and Sony Pictures Consumer Products Inc, which owns the rights to Spider-Man movie related licensed products. †(w2) Much of the media content that comes from Marvel Entertainment is produced under several different subsidiaries. ? Marvel Entertainment International Limited Marvel Film Productions LLC ? Marvel Internet Productions LLC ? Marvel Property, Inc. ? Marvel Toys Limited ? MRV, Inc. ? MVL Development LLC ? MVL International C. V. intellectual property holding companies ? Marvel Characters, Inc. ? Marvel Characters B. V. ? Marvel International Character Holdings LLC ? Marvel Publishing, Inc. ? Marvel Studios ? MVL Film Finance LLC ? Marvel Anim ation B. Corporate Culture Since new came out about Disney’s acquisition of Marvel Entertainment many critics said it would have an enormous effect on the culture at marvel.Several of these early reports were due to the fact of contrast between Marvel’s dark villains and heroes, and Disney’s more kid friendly characters. Manny people feared that the parent company Disney would try to change many of Marvel’s franchise characters, and viewed this change in corporate culture as a weakness to the future of Marvel Entertainment. However they way Marvel and Disney operate as a business is not very different from one another. In comparing Marvel’s previous mission statement to Disney one can see that there is not much reasoning as to why this acquisition would be a weakness to Marvel.Marvel’s previous mission statement: â€Å"Marvel's operations are focused on utilizing its character franchises in licensing, entertainment, publishing and toys. Are as of emphasis include feature films, DVD/home video, consumer products, video games, action figures and role-playing toys, television and promotions. Rooted in the creative success of over sixty years of comic book publishing, Marvel's strategy is to leverage its character franchises in a growing array of opportunities around the world. †(w3) Disney’s Mission statement: The mission of The Walt Disney Company is to be one of the world's leading producers and providers of entertainment and information. Using our portfolio of brands to differentiate our content, services and consumer products, we seek to develop the most creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and related products in the world. † (w4) Moreover Bob Iger, president and CEO of Disney has said â€Å"Marvel brings added value to Disney, but [they] are allowed to retain their unique culture. † (w5) Using the Disney acquisition of Pixar in 2006, Iger has been true to his word i n allowing acquired companies to continue to work under their own corporate culture.W1 http://www. lifthill. com/news/disney-to-purchase-marvel-entertainment/W2 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marvel_EntertainmentW3 http://rochester. iweb. bsu. edu/profile. htmlW4 http://retailindustry. about. com/od/retailbestpractices/ig/Company-Mission-Statements/Walt-Disney-Mission-Statement. htmW5 http://micechat. com/forums/news/138873-iger-disney-innovated-pixar-marvel. html

Development of Education in Kenya - 5449 Words

1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 Definition of terms 3 1.2 Background information 4 1.2.1 Pre-colonial education 4 1.2.2 Post colonial education in Kenya (Neocolonialism) 4 1.3 National Aims/Goals of Education in Kenya 6 1.4 Structure of education 6 1.4.1 Early Childhood Development and Education 7 1.4.2 Primary education 8 1.4.3 Secondary education 9 1.4.4 Teacher Education 9 1.4.5 Tertiary Education 10 1.4.6 University education 11 1.5 Administration system 11 1.5.1 Permanent secretary 11 1.5.2 Finance and administration Division 12 1.5.3 Directorate of Education 12 1.5.4 Field Service Education Officers 13 2.0 CHALLENGES FACING THE FORMAL EDUCATION IN KENYA 14 2.1 Recommendations to the†¦show more content†¦During that time education in Africa, Kenyan included was stratified on racial lines in matters of system structure, curricula and resources. For example, the Europeans system had an upper hand resource, its curriculum was based on British traditions, Arabs and Asians system came second. Africans prepared youths to work on Europeans farms. 1.2.2 Post colonial education in Kenya (Neocolonialism) Sifuna and Otiende (1992) noted that racial segregation was abolished in 1960 as the country moved closer to independence. With the attainment of independence on 12th December, 1963;- a ministry of education was created. The school system in Kenya was brought under a localized standard curriculum and public examinations. Since independence, the Government has addressed challenges facing the education sector through Commissions, Committees and Taskforces. The first Commission, after independence, came up with the Report of the Kenya Education Commission (The Ominde Report, 1964) that sought to reform the education system inherited from the colonial government to make it more responsive to the needs of independent Kenya. The Commission proposed an education system that would foster national unity and the creation of sufficient human capital for national development. Sessional Paper No: 10 of 1965 on African Socialism and its Application to Planning in Kenya formally adopted the OmindeShow MoreRelatedKeny Economic Engine And Key Driver Of Strength1136 Words   |  5 Pages Kenya is one of the top economic engine and key driver of strength in Eastern Africa. Its strong private division and business services contribute greatly to the growth in the region. Kenya is home to some of the most fascinating natural wonders and people in the world. Kenya is reflected as a wealthy and culturally diversed country. Although Kenya’s economic climate is progressively improvising, their education and the increase in population growth has cause major problems for Kenyans whichRead MoreA Brief Note On Kenya s School System949 Words   |  4 Pages Kenya’s school systems were in amazed because the government didn’t expand or add on any classrooms to any school. The government only passed the law making education free but didn’t consider how many children will now enroll in schools. There was a shortage on teachers and there were no desks or chairs for all the new enrolled students. Basically all what the extra students could do was sit on the floor or stand in the back of classroom and listen. Some classes still had over the limit of studentsRead MoreFinancing of University Education in Kenya1703 Words   |  7 PagesQN) With close reference to university education in Kenya, discuss the various means of financing education and evaluate the equity implications. To answer this claim, we start by defining critical terms so as to clearly get the full meaning of this assertion. Education is the process act or process of impacting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgement, and generally of preparing oneself or othersRead MoreA Brief Note On The Republic Of Kenya1283 Words   |  6 PagesLauren Knight Republic of Kenya UNDP PART 1: COUNTRY PROFILE- I. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY a. Republic of Kenya b. Republic government led by Mwai Kibaki, and the Kenyan African National Union is the only standing political group at this given time. c. Nairobi d. Interpol, World Health Organization, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization are Kenya’s main international organization affiliations e. 44,037,656 people II. CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY f. Swahili and English are the officialRead MoreHistory And Development Of Nursing Education1679 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical History and Development of Nursing Education: Comparison of Ireland and Kenya In Kenya, nursing has been around for ages. In the past there was no medical treatment, as we know it, focusing on bacteria or other known microorganisms. Instead, illness was thought to be triggered by the evil eye, evil tongue, the spirits of angry ancestors and witchcraft (Mule, 1986). Witchdoctors, herbalists, the deviner, or elders who prescribed treatments, which were herbs, roots, and/or cleansing ritualsRead MoreThe Between Chile And Jamaica Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesKenya, Chile and Jamaica are three counties represent Africa, Latin America, and Caribbean.Africa, Latin America, and Caribbean have a lot of similarity.They shared history that dates back to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, these regions are also part of the Global South and most countries of them are colonies of Europe.Therefore, their cultures are mixtures of European and indigenous cultures and their regions and office languages are very similar.Along with development of the times and progressRead More1 .6 Justification Of The Study. The Exclusion Of Pwds By1223 Words   |  5 Pagesusing scientific information on existing designs, how they are experienced by PWDs and therefore how they can be improved. Children with disability in Kenya are often consigned to â€Å"special schools† which, though well intended to provide responsive learning environments, actually perpetuate segregation from other children. The inclusive education movement proposes that all schools should be equipped to accommodate PWDs. This study is therefore informed by the conviction that it is possible to designRead MoreQuestion: Define Economic Growth and Development and Explain the Characteristics of Each Giving Examples in Kenyas Case.956 Words   |  4 Pageslabour earnings. Economic development is defined as sustainable increase in living standards. It entails increased per capita income, better education and health as well as environmental protection. Characteristics of economic growth 1. Education: A country with an educated populace generally records higher levels of GDP growth due to fact that educated people are more productive and can innovate on existing technology. Kenya currently has a free primary education program with this goal in mindRead MoreChallenges of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya1728 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises is updated to take account of economic developments. The definition of enterprises according to staff headcount and turnover or balance-sheet total is essential for identifying businesses able to benefit from European Union (EU) programs or policies specifically designed for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) Challenges Facing SMEs in Kenya It is generally recognized that SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) face unique challenges,Read MoreWell-Distributed Food Aid to Kenya to Create Self-Relience Essay1031 Words   |  5 Pagesnatural for example drought. In conducting this research, evidence will show some current solutions of providing food aid in Kenya as well as understanding what the future potential developments are. Research topic: Food aid in Kenya: a problem or solution? Research question: Is food aid a sustainable strategy to solving the food crisis in Kenya? Thesis: Providing food aid to Kenya is good as long as it is well distributed. However this country also requires financial aid with which it will /can assist

Freuds Psychosexual Stages Of Development - 1486 Words

When compared to Freud’s psychosexual stages of development, one can see that Erikson’s theory has many similarities. As a one of Freud’s students, Erik Erikson was not convinced by Freud’s psychosexual stage of development, which lead to the development of his theory of psychosocial stages of development (Arnett, 2015). Within Erikson’s theory there are eight different stages with different life crisis to be resolved. Not resolving the conflicts would lead to an unhealthy personality, which causes many pro and cons within Erikson’s theory (Engler, 2013). Stages of Psychosocial Development In Erikson’s theory there are eight stages that ranges from one’s birth to their death. The stages develop on top of each other in what Erikson†¦show more content†¦Within each stage an individual will also be given the opportunity to strengthen their ego. Pros and Cons of the Stages of Psychosocial Development Although Erikson’s theory seem to be more acceptable than Freud’s, there are many pros and cons within it. Many researchers believed that human development was life long and agreed with Erikson’s importance of the social and cultural foundation behind it (Arnett, 2015). Even with the support, not all of Erikson’s stages were seen as valuable. The only valuable ideas that researchers took an interest in where Erikson’s notion of identity during adolescence and generativity during midlife (Arnett, 2015). Even though Erikson believed that an individual’s identity was discovered by the end of adolescence, he advised that identity will continue to grow throughout adulthood. With that being said, Erikson lacked in providing information of that growth (Sokol, 2009). Erikson’s theory was also unclear of the causes of the psychosocial stages of development and how the resolution of one stage influenced an individual’s personality. He did however stress that his theory was merely an instrument that provided an outline that development growth could be measured by (McLeod, 2013). Personal Relation to Erikson’s Theory Erikson’s theory was meant to be versatile to everyone. Starting his theory from birth to death allows an individual to be able to relate to any of the stages. I for one found this theory to be very intriguingShow MoreRelatedFreud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development in Relation to Gender Development915 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe Freud’s psychosexual stages of development in relation to gender development â€Å"Few of the findings of psychoanalysis have met with such universal contradiction or have aroused such an outburst of indignation as the assertion that the sexual function starts at the beginning of life and reveals its presence by important signs even in childhood. And yet no other findings of analysis can be demonstrated so easily and so completely† – Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud believed that all childrenRead MoreA Metaphor from Freud’s Psychosexual Stages682 Words   |  3 Pagesusing Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages as a metaphor for a counselor’s development with their clients. The five psychosexual stages are first outlined from the generic standpoint of Freud’s theories. The article then continues to directly compare each stage with the counseling process and exactly how the two processes are similar. Alongside the comparison, the rest of the article outlines how a counselor should interact with their client. An overview of the psychosexual stages is criticalRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Development1000 Words   |  4 Pagesexplained what Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual theory of development is and why it is important for the developing child to overcome said conflicts. I also talked about the different effects of not overcoming the conflicts Freud had determined that would lead to adult behaviors. Over the years, Sigmund Freud has created many theories involving many different ideas in the psychological world. One theory that stood out to me throughout our journey in introduction to psychology is Freud’s developmental theoryRead MorePsychosexual Stages And Societal Structure1490 Words   |  6 PagesPsychosexual Stages and Societal Structure Nathanael D. Evans Montana State University - Billings Abstract This paper assumes that Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages in childhood development is accurate. Given the information we have on Freud’s idea of fixations, and their causes, I will explore how societal structure would need to shift towards an acute focus on childhood in order to eliminate as much abnormality as possible from the adulthood of all individuals that make up a societyRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory1652 Words   |  7 PagesSigmund Freud s psychosexual theory are two well-known theories of personality development with various similarities and differences. While Erikson was influenced by Freud s ideas, his theory differed in a number of important ways and was ultimately created to be an improvement to Freud’s personality development theory (Friedman Schustack, 2012). Like Freud’s psychosexual theory, Erikson agreed that personality progresses in a sequence of predetermined phases. However, unlike Freud’s theory of psychosexualRead MoreShedding Light On Freud s Controversial Psychoanalytic Theory1525 Words   |  7 Pages Shedding Light on Freud’s Controversial Psychoanalytic Theory Krystle D. Kraft St. Johns River State College: Human Growth and Development Shedding Light on Freud’s Controversial Psychoanalytic Theory Psychoanalytic theories suggest that developmental changes happen due to the power of internal drives and emotions. Sigmund Freud, a Viennese physician, is said to be the founding father of this theory. He believed biological impulses, such as a need for food and sex, were the drivingRead MoreSigmund Freuds Theory Of Phychoanalysis821 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause of different ideas. Freud’s theories were and still are some of the most influential academic concepts. Freud believed that a humans most basic drive is the sex drive. Sigmund Freud developed the theory known as the Psychosexual stages that is divided into five stages in child and adolescent development. He also came up with the idea that someone can get stuck or fixated in one of the first three psychosexual stages. A person could get fixated in one of the stages because the needs are notRead More`` Rationalizing Malibu `` By Mario Garcia1615 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper, the actions of Garcia’s narrator are interpreted in terms of Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual development and the theory of repression. It is believed that the psychosexual development and theory of repression is unconsciously employed by the narrator as a way to prevent himself from dealing with past traumatic events, which led to the creation of Blaine. By using Freud’s psychosexual development and theory of repression, it is concluded that both theories are useful tools forRead Mo reSigmund Freud And The Psychosexual Stages Of Development1564 Words   |  7 Pageshe published three more books. Freud’s work was not well recognized because of his emphasis on sex. In 1908, after the first International Psychoanalytical Congress, Freud’s work began to gain popularity and his psychoanalytic theory became well respected. He went on to publish more than twenty theoretical volumes and clinical studies. He continued to develop his ideas until he died of cancer in 1939. One of Freud’s theories was the psychosexual stages of development. It is important to recognizeRead MoreFreud : The Unconscious, Dreams And The Psychosexual Stages1613 Words   |  7 Pageswas later influenced by Breuer who encouraged patients to talk about their problems whilst a doctor listened (Maltby, Day Macaskill, 2013). However, whether Freud’s key concepts are valuable for contemporary psychology will be explored in this essay. The concepts that will be explored are the unconscious, dreams and the psychosexual stages. The unconscious is an area in the mind which is physically inaccessible but affects our conscious behaviour. Freud developed the iceberg model to represent

Analysis Of Ohio Bath Solutions, Llc Essay - 1438 Words

as â€Å"the act of making distinctions that harm people and that are based on those people’s membership in a protected class† (p. 81). Acts of illegal discrimination can include excluding candidates from employment or promotion decisions, or paying them less based on their membership in a protected class. Organizations that are found guilty of discrimination can be sued by the victim or the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), or both. However, there are ways that an organization can mitigate or prevent discrimination in the workplace. Creating policies and training programs are great ways to educate employees about the consequences of discrimination. For example, Ohio Bath Solutions, LLC created a Diversity Policy to communicate its stance on diversity and discrimination in the workplace. The company is an equal opportunity employer and values diversity. The policy is designed to support the company’s ethical culture. The following figure is a copy of the company’s Diversity Policy. Figure 1.1 Equality and Diversity Policy Ohio Bath Solutions, LLC Ohio Bath Solutions, LLC is an equal opportunity employer. We do not discriminate on the basis of sex, race, ethnic origin, religious belief, gender identification, sexual orientation, or disability. Eliminating discrimination from the workplace is a fundamental part of our company’s culture. Our company understands that increasing diversity fosters innovation and creativity. It is our mission to attractShow MoreRelatedStaffing Of An Hr Department At Ohio Bath Solutions Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagesobjectives. This paper will examine the staffing of an HR department at Ohio Bath Solutions, LLC. First, the paper will analyze three HR functions: recruitment, compensation and benefits, and training and development. The paper will assess the impact of each function in adding value to the company’s HR department. Next, the paper will develop a job description for a compensation and benefits specialist position at Ohio Bath Solutions. Third, the paper will identify the best recruitment method and selectionRead MoreThis Paper Addresses The Current State Of Firstenergy Corp.,1524 Words   |  7 Pagesother companies and expresses the importance of accurate financials. The paper then addresses some of the issues faced by FirstEnergy’s accrual accounting pro cess, and analyzes the problem using an A3 – Five Why analysis template to identify the background, current conditions, goals, analysis, proposal, plan, and follow up. Introduction FirstEnergy is a utility company that is currently facing some financial difficulties and is in the process of selling assets, leaving the competitive generationRead MoreA Study on the Effectivity of the Philippine Prison System10770 Words   |  44 Pagesit employs, and the management strategy being used. It tries to present as candidly as possible conditions inside the prison, the problems, living conditions, activities. And finally, in our modest way, we offer some recommendations and proposed solutions. II. 11ETHODOLOGY The group engaged in theoretical as well as empirical research. For the latter the 11unicipal Jail .o f Romblon, Quezon City Jail, Provincial Jail of Batangas and the New Bilibid Prison were utilized as venues as actual investigationRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesStrategic management E) Distribution management Answer: A Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Easy 3) Identify the correct statement about marketing management. A) It is primarily concerned with the systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of data about issues related to marketing products and services. B) It focuses mostly on monitoring the profitability of a companys products and services. C) It focuses solely on attaining an organizations sales goals in an efficient manner. Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesfollowing classification of cases by subject matter to be helpful. I thank those of you who made this and other suggestions. Classification of Cases by Major Marketing Topics Topics Most Relevant Cases Marketing Research and Consumer Analysis Coca-Cola, Disney, McDonald’s, Google, Starbucks Product Starbucks, Nike, Coke/Pepsi, McDonald’s, Maytag, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Newell Rubbermaid, DaimlerChrysler, Kmart/Sears, Harley-Davidson, Boeing/Airbus, Merck, Boston Beer, Firestone/FordRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesthe changes outside a business exceed the productive changes within a business, a company’s future viability is clearly under enormous stress. To maintain business growth and a sustained economy, it is essential for managers to understand and find solutions for these and other fundamental wide-ranging issues. The bursting of the high-tech bubble both in many start-up companies and in major segments of established firms dissipated many entrepreneurial efforts and the large sums of money that were spentRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pagesinsurance and pension benefits. Shortly thereafter, he was terminated from his employment. He alleged that personnel had revealed this information to his superiors, which was an invasion of privacy, and that he was then terminated for being gay.  The Ohio Court of Appeals held that he could not sue fo r wrongful termination, but he could sue for invasion of privacy.  This case reminds us that private facts are private. Revealing private information can lead to liability not only against the employer,

The Impact of Federalism on Accountability free essay sample

Leon, This is an excellent assignment, one that you should be very proud of. Starting with an impressive introduction, you outline the paper’s parameters and explicitly state its argument. Your analysis draws upon a wide range of sources and utilises them very effectively. Indeed, you have structured your paper so that the reader is never left questioning its progression. In this, your train of critical thought is evident. It is clear that you have a very strong understanding of the topic as is highlighted through your well-constructed argument. Your conclusion reiterates the main points of your paper well, and draws the all together into a satisfying conclusion. With your last paper I criticised your disjointed writing style and the lack of narrative flow. It is obvious that you have taken these comments on-board and have worked towards their successful resolution. In saying that, there is still room for improvement in this regard. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Federalism on Accountability or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While your transitions are much improved, some shifts between paragraphs feel a little messy. Being aware of this issue, as you clearly are, will help you continue to improve your writing style. Well done.

McDonalds and Hindu Culture Essay Example

McDonalds and Hindu Culture Paper For thousands of years, Indias Hindu culture has revered the cow. Some 300 million of these animals roam India, untethered, revered as sacred providers. They are everywhere everywhere, that is, except for on your plate, as Hindus do not eat the meat of the sacred cow. (International Business, Pg125) The placing of the cow on a pedestal is a value that is unique to the Indian culture. Values and norms are the central components of a culture. Values are abstract ideals about what a society believes to be good, right, and desirable. (Pg. 705) Norms are social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations. (Pg. 702) Because the value systems of different religious and ethical systems have different implications, corporations seeking to conduct business in host countries must adapt to the culture and norms of the host society. In many cases business practice of When in Rome, is not an acceptable practice. Ethical Dilemma A few of the ethical dilemmas McDonalds faced, and are still facing, deal with religion and the disregard for animal welfare in the Indian Culture. The World Health Organization has identified obesity as a global problem, citing the alarming statistic that over 300 million people are now obese. The average daily diet has also undergone tremendous change, with all nations converging on a diet high in meat, dairy products, and processed sugars. Correlating closely to a worldwide rise in affluence, the new global diet is not necessarily a beneficial trend, as it can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes. Now viewed as a global health threat, obesity has been dubbed globesity by the World Health Organization. (www.britannica.com) We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds and Hindu Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds and Hindu Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds and Hindu Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The bottommost ethical dilemma is based on different cultural practices regarding cultural balance, McDonalds was aware that they were fraudulently concealing the existence of a beef based flavoring in the oil used to cook its French fries. Thereby, it was not allowing the Indian consumer to honor its doctrine of not consuming beef products. Further, as a native to India, the globally recognized icon, Big Mac is opposite the belief that the cow is sacred. How can one support a company that was founded on the abuse of a countries religious scripture?  Evaluation of the countrys strategy involved in the Dilemma. The United States of America was at the center of the McDonalds dilemma. Not only were our countrys ethics on trial, so to be our western culture. Recently a number of lawsuits have been filed against the corporation, as some have tried to blame their obesity on the consumption of McDonalds fast food. As a fact, several non-governmental organizations, such as The World Health Organization, have targeted McDonalds for repeated criticism and protest. As globesity has become a world -wide reality, the people of the country of India can ill afford to support the likes of McDonalds, and other international eateries? Not because they are obese, for they suffer from various forms of malnutrition, which is further highlighted by its ability to provide adequate access to health care. To illustrate, the Indian government provides healthcare to its entire people. However, the number of doctors averages out to 1 per 2000 citizens. Further degenerating is the fact that the average citizen earns 12,000 Rupees per year, which is roughly the equivalent of $250 U.S. dollars. This means that while hospitals exist, the average citizen cannot afford the private heath care. (www.britannica.com) Difference if the trade association did not exist  If the trade association did not exist then the ethical dilemmas McDonalds is facing would not have been an international issue. The trade association has brought about a set of standards that should be used as a guide when doing business abroad. If the trade association did not exist there would be no guide thus allowing businesses to participate in unethical practices. The lessons Globalization advocates raised  McDonalds corporate responsibility report states,  At McDonalds, making customers happy is what our business is all about. And we know it takes a lot to make that happen. We work hard to provide every customer with a choice of meals and an experience that exceeds their expectations. But thats only part the story. When you come through our doors and look beyond the front counter, theres a company and a system dedicated to earning your trust. And whether its called good corporate citizenship or social responsibility, we take seriously our commitment to conducting our business in a way that respects the world around us and the issues that matter most to you. (www. McDonalds. Com) As a company, I believe McDonalds has not learned a valuable lesson. The corporation must learn that the benefits to address the ethical issues far outweigh the benefit of ignoring them. The corporation is concerned with the almighty dollar, and is aware that the dilemma in India had little impact on it long-term plans. To illustrate, the company expects to open another 80 restaurants in India by the year 2005. What an example of giving the people what they want! Moreover, McDonalds is aware that the Indian consumer will continue to allow their children to consume the product, for it is noted that they want their children to enjoy the American experience. (International Business, pg. 125) Since the American experience is valuable to many native Indians, we must assume that the progression is acceptable. I disagree; how can the average citizen afford McDonalds on and annual salary of $250. Imagine this; a family of four spends $10 dollars to experience the American experience. Based on an annual salary of $250, this is roughly 10 percent of the family income. Action that should be taken  The ethical dilemma may really be about McDonalds opinion on what it constitutes as a wholesome food substitute. Regardless of what the company thinks, they  must invest time and resources to ensure the people of India that their products are free of beef and its byproducts. The answers lie with the question of, whose ethics do you use in international business? The answer is your values, but you cannot force your values on the communities and cultures of other countries. Noted ethicist Thomas Donaldson points out that the respect of core human values must be the starting point and once the starting point is assured businesses must also respect the local culture. (International Business, Pg 121) Case Discussion Questions  1. What lessons does the experience of the McDonalds in India hold for other fast-food chains and retail stores?  Several non-governmental organizations, such as The World Health Organization, have targeted McDonalds for repeated criticism and protest. The protest could have been avoided by releasing maximum information regarding its food products. I am pretty sure that the Official at McDonalds knew that it product contained beef by-products. Just as they have to fully disclose this type of information in the USA, they must apply the same standard on foreign soils. If it had not been for the three Indian nationalist, living in the USA filing suit, then the mockery would have continued. 2. Is there anything that McDonalds could have done to have foreseen or better prepared itself for the negative publicity associated with the revelation that it used beef extract in its frying oil?  McDonalds should have expected the fallout to reach the people of India. Therefore, they should have initiated damage control. This includes making a formal apology, fully disclosing all facts regarding the discrepancy, and offering some form of compensation, which could include an offer of discounted food prices 3. How far should a firm such as McDonalds go in localizing its product to account for cultural differences? At some point, might it not lose an advantage?  Firms cannot take the ethnocentric approach when establishing new business on foreign soil. One of the biggest issues facing a company that goes global for the first time is the danger of not being informed. Doing business in another culture requires that the company adapt to the cultures values and norms. This said, they must go as far as to use local suppliers, employ local citizens, and transfer some of the executive power to the people of the host country. References Hill, Charles W.L. International Business. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005: http://www.britannica.com